Employees in portfolio companies Employees in initial investments Source: SPAINCAP/webcapitalriesgo 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2015 2018 2013 2016 2019 2021 2014 2017 2020 2022 2023 Employees (thousands) Numbers of companies Impact of Venture Capital & Private Equity in Spain Cummulative number of investee firms The average length of time that companies remain in the portfolio of domestic and international PE&VCs is 4.5 years. With the 271 additional investee companies in 2023, adjusted for duplicities in syndicated investments by several investors in a single company, the historic portfolio of the firms backed by domestic and international PE&VCs since 1972 is estimated at 8,293 companies. Firms backed by Enisa and other similar entities that have not yet received Venture Capital/Private Equity should be added to this figure. In aggregate employment terms, the outstanding portfolio of the domestic and international VC&PEs totaled 568,201 workers at the end of 2023, compared to 514,165 in 2022, with an average of 224 workers per company. Employment in the portfolio companies of Enisa and/or other regional organizations is not included in this figure. Employment in new investee companies in 2023 was estimated at 67,347 workers, with an average of 249 workers for each new company added.